The Ninth Amendment

"The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."

The ninth amendment to the United States Constitution addresses those rights of the people not expressly enumerated in the Constitution.  The ninth amendment made it so that the federal government could not infringe on people’s rights, those other than what is expressly written in the Constitution.  The federal government, at the time of the signing of the constitution, was so weak, that it was feared that they might take extraordinary measures to assert their authority; whereas they might infringe on the rights of the people.  Rand Paul has such a "odd" interpretation of the ninth amendment that he is often heavily criticized over it. 

Here is a picture of a group of people assembling outside of a federal courthouse.  Before the case of Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia 1980, people had no place within or near the courthouse.  The Supreme Court case of Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia extended people "right to assembly" to within the public court.  However, a Judge does have the right to band the press from the courtroom if they impose a problem or distraction.